Vision conditions
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
AMD affects the macula — the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. It is a leading cause of vision loss among older adults in Singapore. Early detection through routine eye assessments is key to maintaining reading, driving, and daily visual comfort.
- 5.1%
prevalence of early AMD in adults 40+
- 0.5%
prevalence of late AMD in adults 40+
- 1 in 10
Singaporeans 60+ affected.
What happens when the macula is affected
Understanding central retinal changes
The macula is the central portion of the retina that allows detailed vision. With age, waste material may build up under the retina (dry AMD), or abnormal blood vessels may leak (wet AMD), damaging the macula and causing blurred or distorted central vision. Early evaluation helps detect these changes before significant vision loss occurs.
Adults over 60 — Around 1 in 10
Approximately 10% of Singaporeans aged 60 and above show signs of early macular changes.
Sight‑threatening AMD — 1–2%
An estimated 1–2% of older adults develop the vision‑threatening (wet) form of AMD, where active treatment can help stabilise vision.
Recognising subtle central vision changes
When to consider an eye evaluation
Recognizing the Symptoms of Macular Degeneration
- Blurred or distorted central vision
- Straight lines appearing wavy
- Fading or dark areas in central sight
- Difficulty recognising faces or reading fine print
AMD often progresses slowly and may go unnoticed at first. See an ophthalmologist if you notice:
If you’re experiencing these symptoms, we recommend scheduling an eye examination.
Ways to manage and treat AMD
Protecting your central vision
While AMD cannot be reversed, early detection allows effective management to slow progression and preserve useful vision. Depending on the type and severity, your ophthalmologist may recommend:
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Clarifying Your Concerns
Frequently Asked Questions
We understand that vision-related conditions can be overwhelming. Here are honest, transparent answers to the questions we hear most often from our patients.
AMD is a condition that affects the central part of the retina (the macula), which is responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It can make reading, recognizing faces, and other central vision tasks difficult.
Symptoms may include blurred or wavy central vision, difficulty seeing fine details, dark or empty areas in the center of vision, or distorted lines. Peripheral vision usually remains normal.
There are two main types:
- Dry AMD: Gradual deterioration of the macula, more common and usually slower in progression.
- Wet AMD: Abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina, which can lead to faster vision loss if untreated.
Treatment depends on the type and severity:
- Dry AMD may benefit from nutritional or lifestyle adjustments.
- Wet AMD is often treated with anti‑VEGF eye injections to control abnormal blood vessels.
Regular retinal imaging helps monitor changes over time.
Currently, AMD cannot be reversed. The goal of treatment is to slow progression and preserve existing vision. Early detection and ongoing management are important for better outcomes.
Regular eye examinations, including retinal imaging, are recommended, especially if you are over 50 or have risk factors such as a family history of AMD, smoking, or high blood pressure.
Medisave may be used for certain treatments, such as anti‑VEGF injections, subject to eligibility and approved amounts. Your ophthalmologist can provide guidance on what can be claimed.